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Frequently Used Islamic Law (Fiqh) Definitions
Kinds of Permissible Acts
| Wajib |
Obligatory on every Baligh person. |
| Wajibe Kifai |
Obligatory on everyone who is Baligh, but if one person does it, then the others are
freed from the responsibility |
| Aqwa |
A stronger opinion; an opinion having more weight in the eyes of the jurists |
| Ahwat |
Based on precaution (ihtiyat); least likely to be at variance with the shari'a
Ehtiyate |
| Wajib |
An obligatory precaution |
| Mustahab (Plural - Mustahabbat) |
Approved or commendable acts; things which if done carry their reward for their doer,
but if omitted do not entail disapproval or any punishment. Recommended to perform |
| Mustahabb -i Muwakkad: |
Emphatically approved or recommended |
| Mustahabb |
Approved; commendable; recommended |
| Mubah or Jayez |
Permissible by law or lawful |
Kinds of Not Recommended Acts
| Haraam (or Mahzur) |
Forbidden for all Muslims |
| Makrooh |
Not recommended or undesirable, disliked by Allah |
| Karahat |
Disapproval; disapprobation; repugnance; abomination. |
Other Kinds of Opinions
| Ansab |
A more suitable opinion |
| Aqrab |
An opinion closer to traditional authority |
| Ashbah |
An opinion more in keeping with the principles of law |
| Ashhar |
An opinion more widely accepted a better known opinion; a more prevalent opinion |
| Awla |
A better or preferred (opinion) |
| Azhar |
A more obvious opinion; a more prevalent opinion |
| Rajih |
Preferable opinion while there are several opinions on an issue |
Other Common Definitions
| Adil |
A morally sound person who is expected to deal with people justly, righteously and
honestly |
| Afd'al |
Superior |
| Amanat (or Amanah, Plural - Amanat) |
A thing deposited in trust; a deposit |
| Bulugh |
Puberty; legal maturity; coming of age |
| Baligh |
A person of legal age |
| Fatwa |
A verdict or decree of a Mujtahid or a Mufti |
| Hadath |
Pollution |
| Hadd (Plural - Hudud) |
Punishment as prescribed by Islamic law for special offenses |
| Ta'zir |
A punishment left to the discretion of a Magistrate or Judge, as against Hadd |
| Iddah |
The prescribed period after which a divorced woman or a widow is allowed to contract
another marriage |
| Istihbab |
Approval |
| Istinja' |
A process or purification or cleanness after urination or defecation |
| Ithna 'Ashari |
The Twelvers ; the majority group of Shi'ahs who are the followers of twelve
Imams |
| Najis |
Unclean; soiled |
| Qada' (Salat al-) |
A compensatory prayer offered after the due time, as against Salat al-Ada', a prayer
offered within its due time |
| Qasr |
Reducing two Rak'ats from Zuhr, Asr and 'Isha' prayers, or renunciation of keeping
fast (of Ramadan), during a lawful journey subject to special conditions explained in the
relevant Chapters on Traveler's Prayers and Rules Concerning a Traveler. |
| Zan |
Certitude; presumption |
Detailed Islamic Law Glossaries:
http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/books/fiqh&usool/islamic-laws/tahrir/63.html#link123
http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/islmc_r/dic/html/index.htm
Islamic Law Books (Taudhihul Masae'l)
1. Fatawa of Ayatullah al Uzama Syed Ali Husaini Seestani.
http://al-islam.org/laws/
http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/p.php?p=Ahkam&url=Laws
2. Fatawa of Ayatullah al Uzama Syed Ali
Husaini Khamenei
3. Fatawa of late Ayatullah al Uzama Sayyid Ruhollah al-Musavi al-Khomeini
http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/books/fiqh&usool/islamic-laws/tahrir/index.html.
4. Fatawa of late Ayatullah al Uzama Sayyid Abulqasim al-Khoei
http://www.al-islam.org/laws/al-khui/
5. Other Islamic Scholars
http://www.al-shia.com/html/eng/ser/ulama/ola_h.php
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